Logic is not singular, but plural. We will look at a number of logics during this course. Logics are created to embody some aspect of our reasoning, or the communication of that reasoning. Logics differ because we reason in many ways. Some reasoning involves time; operational behavior of computer programs is an example. Some reasoning involves alternate situations; if I had known it would rain then I would have taken my umbrella. Some reasoning concerns multiple agents and what they do or do not know; correctness of communication protocols needs such reasoning. Even such a basic thing as the behavior of the word implies can be captured in various ways: truth functionally, causally, entailment, and so on.
Classical propositional logic is the one that is probably most familiar to you. It is the best behaved of all logics, in many senses. It is often used as a basis on which to build other logics. For these and many other reasons, it is where we start.
Propositional connectives: Notes on the connectives and some of their properties.
Example: to be discussed in class.
Prolog code for very simple theorem proving.