Subgroup
classification in Out(Fn)
Lee Mosher, Rutgers University, Newark
For any subgroup H of Out(Fn), either H has a finite index subgroup that
fixes the conjugacy class of some proper, nontrivial free factor of
Fn,
or H contains a fully irreducible element phi, meaning that no positive
power of phi fixes the conjugacy class of any proper, nontrivial free
factor of Fn.